@article{ref1,
title="Physical environment and violence perpetration among male youth in Pittsburgh: a spatial analysis",
journal="Injury prevention",
year="2019",
author="Bushover, Brady and Miller, Elizabeth and Bair-Merritt, Megan and Abebe, Kaleab and Culyba, Alison",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="PURPOSE: Examine associations between features of the built environment and violence perpetration among male youth. <br><br>METHODS: We enrolled 866 male adolescents, ages 13-19 years, as part of a violence prevention study in 20 lower-resource neighbourhoods in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. Exposure to built environmental features was defined using participants' neighbourhood study site. Violence perpetration was measured by three survey items: physical fighting, threatening someone with a weapon, and injuring someone with a weapon. Logistic regression models examined associations between each environmental feature and violence perpetration. <br><br>RESULTS: Better neighbourhood walkability was associated with significantly lower odds of fighting (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=0.86, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.99). Alcohol and tobacco outlets were associated with slightly lower odds of violence perpetration (AORs=0.89-0.96). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This work extends previous studies from large urban centres to a mid-sized city context and suggests that walkable neighbourhoods create opportunities for social interactions and may serve as a protective factor in youth violence.<br><br>© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1353-8047",
doi="10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043356",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043356"
}