@article{ref1,
title="The role of sleep deficiency in the trajectory of postconcussive symptoms in adolescents",
journal="Brain injury",
year="2019",
author="Tham, See Wan and Aaron, Rachel V. and Palermo, Tonya M.",
volume="33",
number="11",
pages="1413-1419",
abstract="<b>Objective</b>: To investigate the trajectory of sleep deficiency after concussion and examine its role as a predictor of postconcussive symptoms (PCS) over 3 weeks and at 3 months post-concussion. <b>Design</b>: This was a prospective pilot study of 29 adolescents recruited from a pediatric Emergency Department (69% female, mean age = 14.0 years, SD = 1.8) following a concussion. <b>Methods</b>: Adolescents completed questionnaire assessments at baseline, Weeks 1, 2, and 3 on PCS and sleep patterns. Concurrently, adolescents also completed a daily diary and wore an actigraph continuously to monitor sleep activity. At 3 months post-concussion, adolescents repeated questionnaire measures. <b>Results</b>: At enrollment, 53.6% reported severe PCS, and 12% maintained severe symptoms at 3 months. Over the first 3 weeks, sleep duration and daytime sleepiness gradually declined; however, insomnia symptoms remained unchanged. After accounting for age, sex and time since concussion, greater insomnia symptoms at enrollment were associated with more severe PCS at 3 weeks and 3 months (β = 1.17, <i>p</i> <.001). In contrast, sleep duration, efficiency, and waketime after sleep onset were not predictors. <b>Conclusions</b>: Study findings suggest that insomnia symptoms after concussion may provide a target for early intervention to reduce prolonged severity and duration of PCS.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0269-9052",
doi="10.1080/02699052.2019.1643921",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2019.1643921"
}