@article{ref1,
title="Epidemiology of severe buprenorphine exposures reported to the U.S. Poison Centers",
journal="Drug and alcohol dependence",
year="2019",
author="Rege, Saumitra V. and Ngo, Duc Anh and Ait-Daoud, Nassima and Holstege, Christopher P.",
volume="202",
number="",
pages="115-122",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the trends and risk factors of severe buprenorphine outcomes (SBO) reported to the U.S. Poison Centers (PCs). <br><br>METHODS: We queried the National Poison Data System for exposures to buprenorphine from 2011 to 2016. SBO cases were defined as exposures that resulted in either a death or major clinical outcomes. Trends were tested using Poisson regression. Characteristics of the exposures were descriptively assessed. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk factors of SBO. <br><br>RESULTS: SBO cases (967) reported to the PCs increased by 66.6% during this period (114-190, p < 0.001). While adults between 20 and 39 years were more frequent in the SBO group (50.4%) compared to the non-SBO group (38.7%), cases under 6 years (29.6% vs 13.8%) were more common among the non-SBO group. Intentional abuse (20.1% vs 24.9%) and suspected suicides (13.7% vs 37.5%) were significantly higher among the SBO group. Multisubstance exposures were more frequent among the SBO cases (36.4% vs 71.4%). SBO risk increased with age, with cases above 60 years (AOR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.14-2.42) demonstrating significantly increased odds. Suspected suicide (AOR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.53-2.28) and abuse (AOR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.13-1.73) cases were more likely to result in a SBO. Multisubstance exposures significantly increased the risk of a SBO. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study reflected an increase in the cases of SBO paralleling the rise in the buprenorphine prescriptions. Age, reasons for exposure and multi-substance exposures significantly increased the risk of SBO.<br><br>Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier B.V.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0376-8716",
doi="10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.05.015",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.05.015"
}