@article{ref1,
title="Adverse drug-related effects among electronic dance music party attendees",
journal="International journal on drug policy",
year="2019",
author="Palamar, Joseph J. and Acosta, Patricia and Le, Austin and Cleland, Charles M. and Nelson, Lewis S.",
volume="73",
number="",
pages="81-87",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Drug use is prevalent among electronic dance music (EDM) party attendees, but research is needed to determine the extent of adverse drug-related outcomes in this population in order to better inform prevention and harm reduction efforts. <br><br>METHOD: 1029 adults were surveyed entering EDM parties in New York City in 2018. Those reporting past-year use of a drug were asked if they experienced a harmful or very unpleasant effect after use in which they were concerned about their immediate safety. They were also asked about co-use of other drugs and whether they sought help. <br><br>RESULTS: We estimate that a third (33.5%) of EDM party attendees have experienced a drug-related adverse effect in the past year. Two-thirds (67.8%) of adverse effects involved use of alcohol. Relative to use, adverse effects most commonly resulted from use of opioids (e.g., prescription opioid misuse, 41.2%) or alcohol (33.9%). Among those reporting an adverse effect, concomitant use of other drugs was common, particularly among users of LSD (56.5%), ketamine (56.3%), cocaine (55.7%), and ecstasy/MDMA/Molly (47.7%). Adverse effects resulting from synthetic cathinone (&quot;bath salt&quot;) use were most likely to result in a hospital visit (57.1%). <br><br>CONCLUSION: Adverse effects from drug use are common among those in the EDM party scene and polydrug use appears to be a common risk factor. More research is needed, however, to determine the extent of event-specific adverse outcomes. <br><br>RESULTS can inform prevention and harm reduction efforts in this population.<br><br>Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0955-3959",
doi="10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.07.005",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.07.005"
}