@article{ref1,
title="Gender differences in outcomes after traumatic brain injury among service members and veterans",
journal="PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation",
year="2019",
author="Cogan, Alison M. and McCaughey, Virginia K. and Scholten, Joel",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="This scoping study describes the range of outcomes in TBI studies of military service members and veterans addressing gender differences. A secondary purpose is to identify differences in outcomes between males and females in such studies. We searched PubMed, CiNAHL, and PsychInfo databases for relevant articles. Two reviewers independently screened results. Out of 822 unique titles and abstracts screened for eligibility, 55 full articles were reviewed with 29 studies meeting full inclusion criteria. Twenty of the 29 included studies used retrospective designs and all but two used data collected from Veterans Affairs or Department of Defense health care settings. TBI was diagnosed by self-report, screening and evaluation procedures, and medical record documentation. Ten different outcome categories were identified among the included studies. In general, female service members and veterans have not been well represented in TBI outcomes research. Evidence suggests that female veterans with mTBI report more neurobehavioral symptoms and use more outpatient services than male veterans. Studies also indicate female veterans with TBI are more frequently diagnosed with depression. Additional research is essential to support precision treatment recommendations for female veterans with TBI, as women represent a growing proportion of the patients served by the Veterans Health Administration. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.<br><br>This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1934-1482",
doi="10.1002/pmrj.12237",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmrj.12237"
}