@article{ref1,
title="An investigation of measuring driver anger with electromyography",
journal="Proceedings of the ... international driving symposium on human factors in driver assessment, training and vehicle design",
year="2019",
author="Saikalis, Christopher and Cliburn, John and Portea, Cedric and Lee, Yi-Ching",
volume="2019",
number="",
pages="126-132",
abstract="This research explores a novel approach to measuring driver anger using facial electromyography (EMG) while completing a navigation task on a driving simulator. Participants' anger was induced by traffic events that were frustrating in nature as well as time pressure while having to follow navigational directions. Participants' feeling of anger was assessed multiple times via subjective selfreports while being continuously monitored through a facial EMG. Participants' trait driving anger was assessed using the Driving Anger Scale. <br><br>RESULTS showed that, compared to baseline measures, participants had significantly higher facial EMG activation values and subjective feelings of anger upon experiencing frustrating events, suggesting facial EMG as a reliable physiological measurement for inferring drivers' feelings of anger. This experimental protocol can be used to assess anger in navigational contexts in future studies.  https://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/sites/drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/files/da2019_21_saikalis_final.pdf<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}