@article{ref1,
title="Developmental trajectories of physical aggression and nonaggressive rule-breaking during late childhood and early adolescence",
journal="Criminal justice and behavior",
year="2019",
author="Givens, Eugena M. and Reid, Joan A.",
volume="46",
number="3",
pages="395-414",
abstract="Research has consistently linked two forms of childhood antisocial behavior, physical aggression and nonaggressive rule-breaking, to adolescent delinquency. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the development of problem behavior during the latter years of childhood and early adolescence (ages 6 to 14). The current study utilized longitudinal data that followed 756 at-risk males and females from early childhood into early adolescence to identify trajectories of physical aggression and nonaggressive rule-breaking and the association between documented risk factors with class membership. The findings supported a four-class model for both physical aggression and nonaggressive rule-breaking. Both models produced high, moderately high, average, and abstaining classes. However, the physical aggression models decreased as participants aged, while the nonaggressive rule-breaking classes increased. Family adversity, protective neighborhoods, negative child temperament, premature birth, race, and gender were associated with class membership. The study findings may inform targeted, problem-specific strategies aimed at early intervention.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0093-8548",
doi="10.1177/0093854818803652",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818803652"
}