@article{ref1,
title="Pain, anxiety, and depression in the first two years following transport-related major trauma: a population-based, prospective registry cohort study",
journal="Pain medicine",
year="2019",
author="Giummarra, Melita J. and Simpson, Pamela and Gabbe, Belinda J.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to characterize the population prevalence of pain and mental health problems postinjury and to identify risk factors that could improve service delivery to optimize recovery of at-risk patients. <br><br>METHODS: This population-based registry cohort study included 5,350 adult survivors of transport-related major trauma injuries from the Victorian State Trauma Registry. Outcome profiles were generated separately for pain and mental health outcomes using the &quot;pain or discomfort&quot; and &quot;anxiety or depression&quot; items of the EuroQol Five Dimensions Three-Level questionnaire at six, 12, and 24 months postinjury. Profiles were &quot;resilient&quot; (no problems at every follow-up), &quot;recovered&quot; (problems at six- and/or 12-month follow-up that later resolved), &quot;worsening&quot; (problems at 12 and/or 24 months after no problems at six and/or 12 months), and &quot;persistent&quot; (problems at every follow-up). <br><br>RESULTS: Most participants had persistent (pain/discomfort, N = 2,171, 39.7%; anxiety/depression, N = 1,428, 26.2%) and resilient profiles (pain/discomfort, N = 1,220, 22.3%; anxiety/depression, N = 2,055, 37.7%), followed by recovered (pain/discomfort, N = 1,116, 20.4%; anxiety/depression, N = 1,025, 18.8%) and worsening profiles (pain/discomfort, N = 956, 17.5%; anxiety/depression, N = 948, 17.4%). Adjusted multinomial logistic regressions showed increased risk of problems (persistent, worsening, or resolved) vs no problems (resilient) in relation to female sex, middle age, neighborhood disadvantage, pre-injury unemployment, pre-injury disability, and spinal cord injury. People living in rural areas, motorcyclists, pedal cyclists, and people with head, chest, and abdominal injuries had lower risk of problems. <br><br>DISCUSSION: Targeted interventions delivered to people with the risk factors identified may help to attenuate the severity and impact of pain and mental health problems after transport injury.<br><br>© 2019 American Academy of Pain Medicine. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1526-2375",
doi="10.1093/pm/pnz209",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnz209"
}