@article{ref1,
title="Prospective memory performance in simulated air traffic control: robust to interruptions but impaired by retention interval",
journal="Human factors",
year="2019",
author="Wilson, Michael David and Strickland, Luke and Farrell, Simon and Visser, Troy A. W. and Loft, Shayne",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of interruptions and retention interval on prospective memory for deferred tasks in simulated air traffic control. <br><br>BACKGROUND: In many safety-critical environments, operators need to remember to perform a deferred task, which requires prospective memory. Laboratory experiments suggest that extended prospective memory retention intervals, and interruptions in those retention intervals, could impair prospective memory performance. <br><br>METHOD: Participants managed a simulated air traffic control sector. Participants were sometimes instructed to perform a deferred handoff task, requiring them to deviate from a routine procedure. We manipulated whether an interruption occurred during the prospective memory retention interval or not, the length of the retention interval (37-117 s), and the temporal proximity of the interruption to deferred task encoding and execution. We also measured performance on ongoing tasks. <br><br>RESULTS: Increasing retention intervals (37-117 s) decreased the probability of remembering to perform the deferred task. Costs to ongoing conflict detection accuracy and routine handoff speed were observed when a prospective memory intention had to be maintained. Interruptions did not affect individuals' speed or accuracy on the deferred task. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Longer retention intervals increase risk of prospective memory error and of ongoing task performance being impaired by cognitive load; however, prospective memory can be robust to effects of interruptions when the task environment provides cuing and offloading. APPLICATION: To support operators in performing complex and dynamic tasks, prospective memory demands should be reduced, and the retention interval of deferred tasks should be kept as short as possible.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0018-7208",
doi="10.1177/0018720819875888",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720819875888"
}