@article{ref1,
title="Validation of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) in a non-clinical sample of South African working adults",
journal="Journal of psychology in Africa",
year="2019",
author="Dreyer, Zonica and Henn, Carolina and Hill, Carin",
volume="29",
number="4",
pages="346-353",
abstract="This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) in a non-clinical sample of working people. Working South African persons (N = 269; females = 62%; mean age = 33, SD = 11.5) completed the DASS-21, as well as the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised (CESD-R) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7). <br><br>RESULTS following Confirmatory Factor Analysis and correlational analysis yielded a three-factor structure (depression, anxiety, and stress) for the DASS-21. The evidence for discriminant and convergent validity was strong. Additionally, we found good reliabilities for the overall scale as well as the subscales. The DASS-21 appears a valid and reliable instrument for measuring depression, anxiety, and stress in the workplace. Future studies should investigate differential item functioning and equivalence of items among South African working populations.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1433-0237",
doi="10.1080/14330237.2019.1647499",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2019.1647499"
}