@article{ref1,
title="Unrecognised self-injury mortality (SIM) trends among racial/ethnic minorities and women in the USA",
journal="Injury prevention",
year="2019",
author="Rockett, Ian R. H. and Caine, Eric D. and Connery, Hilary S. and Nolte, Kurt B. and Nestadt, Paul S. and Nelson, Lewis S. and Jia, Haomiao",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="AIM: To assess whether an enhanced category combining suicides with nonsuicide drug self-intoxication fatalities more effectively captures the burden of self-injury mortality (SIM) in the USA among US non-Hispanic black and Hispanic populations and women irrespective of race/ethnicity. <br><br>METHODS: This observational study used deidentified national mortality data for 2008-2017 from the CDC's <i>Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System</i>. SIM comprised suicides by any method and age at death plus estimated nonsuicide drug self-intoxication deaths at age ≥15 years. Measures were crude SIM and suicide rates; SIM-to-suicide rate ratios; and indices of premature mortality. <br><br>RESULTS: While the suicide rate increased by 29% for blacks, 36% for Hispanics and 25% for non-Hispanic whites between 2008 and 2017, corresponding SIM rate increases were larger at 109%, 69% and 55% (p<0.0001). SIM:suicide rate ratio gaps were widest among blacks but similar for the other two groups. Gaps were wider for females than males, especially black females whose ratios measured ≥3.71 across the observation period versus <3.00 for white and Hispanic counterparts. Total lost years of life for Hispanic, white and black SIM decedents in 2017 were projected to be 42.6, 37.1 and 32.4, respectively. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Application of SIM exposed substantial excess burdens from substance poisoning relative to suicide for minorities, particularly non-Hispanic blacks and for women generally. <br><br>RESULTS underscored the need to define, develop, implement and evaluate comprehensive strategies to address common antecedents of self-injurious behaviours.<br><br>© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1353-8047",
doi="10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043371",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043371"
}