@article{ref1,
title="Implicit theories of child sexual exploitation material offenders: cross-cultural validation of interview findings",
journal="International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology",
year="2019",
author="Soldino, Virginia and Merdian, Hannah L. and Bartels, Ross M. and Bradshaw, Hannah K.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="Offense-supportive cognitions are thought to result from underlying implicit theories (ITs). As child sexual exploitation material (CSEM) users are a distinct type of sex offender, Bartels and Merdian proposed that CSEM offenders hold five different ITs from those endorsed by contact sex offenders (i.e., <i>Unhappy World, Self as Uncontrollable, Child as Sexual Object, Nature of Harm</i> [CSEM variant], and <i>Self as Collector</i>), linked by an assumption about the <i>Reinforcing Nature of the Internet</i>. This article reports a conceptual content analysis of 23 interviews conducted with CSEM offenders in the United Kingdom and Spain. Support for all CSEM-specific ITs was found across both samples, providing an empirical validation of this conceptualization. Finally, four ITs originally identified for contact sex offenders were also identified, namely, <i>Uncontrollability, Child as Sexual Being, Dangerous World</i>, and <i>Nature of Harm</i>. Further validation of CSEM-related ITs is encouraged.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0306-624X",
doi="10.1177/0306624X19877599",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624X19877599"
}