@article{ref1,
title="Evaluating the thermal failure risk of large-format lithium-ion batteries using a cone calorimeter",
journal="Journal of fire sciences",
year="2019",
author="Wang, Zhi and Ning, Xiaoyao and Zhu, Kang and Hu, Jianyao and Yang, Han and Wang, Jian",
volume="37",
number="1",
pages="81-95",
abstract="A series of experiments were conducted to study the thermal failure hazard of large-format commercial lithium-ion batteries with typical states of charge in a calorimeter apparatus. The results indicate that the thermal failure penetration of the lithium-ion battery with 70% state of charge is faster than the lithium-ion battery with 50% state of charge. Two typical thermal failure modes, &quot;Gas-driven mode&quot; and &quot;Flame-driven mode,&quot; were also observed, corresponding to lithium-ion battery with 70% state of charge and 50% state of charge, respectively. Significant heat release, accompanied by large amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) release, took place for lithium-ion battery with 50% state of charge. Inversely, lithium-ion battery with 70% state of charge presented a lower heat release while more carbon monoxide (CO) generation and obvious mass loss trend. This study may serve as a reference for safe storage, application, and transportation in lithium-ion batteries.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0734-9041",
doi="10.1177/0734904118816616",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904118816616"
}