@article{ref1,
title="Rural depopulation: growth and decline processes over the past century",
journal="Rural sociology",
year="2019",
author="Johnson, Kenneth M. and Lichter, Daniel T.",
volume="84",
number="1",
pages="3-27",
abstract="This article highlights the rise and geographic spread of depopulation in rural America over the past century. &quot;Depopulation&quot; refers to chronic population losses that prevent counties from returning to an earlier period of peak population size. In this article, we identify 746 depopulating counties--mostly nonmetropolitan--representing 24 percent of all U.S. counties. More than 46 percent of remote rural counties are depopulating compared to 24 percent of the adjacent nonmetropolitan counties and just 6 percent of metropolitan counties. Rural county populations often peaked in size during the 1940s and 1950s, especially in the agricultural heartland. Depopulation today reflects a complex interplay of chronic net out-migration and natural decrease that is rooted in the past. Depopulation not only is a direct result of persistent out-migration but also reflects large second-order effects expressed in declining fertility and rising mortality (usually associated with population aging). Depopulation has become a signature demographic phenomenon in broad regions of rural America.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0036-0112",
doi="10.1111/ruso.12266",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12266"
}