@article{ref1,
title="Restrained cargo dynamics in road transportation: Indirect tiedowns",
journal="Heavy vehicle systems",
year="2002",
author="Romero, J. A. and Rakheja, Subhash and Ahmed, AKW and Lozano, A",
volume="9",
number="2",
pages="93-114",
abstract="A simple model is proposed to study the load-securement properties of indirect tiedowns under a longitudinal deceleration. The elasticity of the tiedown is expressed by an equivalent stiffness as a function of the material properties, tiedown angle, initial tension and cargo geometry. The equivalent stiffness is observed to be a strongly nonlinear function of cargo displacement and tiedown angle. The model further incorporates the effects of load-deck interface friction and vertical trailer vibration. The dynamic response characteristics of the restrained cargo are evaluated in terms of peak cargo motion and peak tiedown force under a longitudinal deceleration. The model is utilized to study the effects of tiedown materials, tiedown angle, cargo-deck friction and nature of vertical vibration (frequency, amplitude and phase). The results of the analysis revealed the strong influence of cargo-deck friction, vibration amplitude, tiedown material and tiedown angle on the potential cargo movement. The initial tension is also found to influence the effectiveness of the restraints.<p />",
language="",
issn="1351-7848",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}