@article{ref1,
title="Decision making of individuals with heroin addiction receiving opioid maintenance treatment compared to early abstinent users",
journal="Drug and alcohol dependence",
year="2019",
author="Kriegler, Julia and Wegener, Sophia and Richter, Francois and Scherbaum, Norbert and Brand, Matthias and Wegmann, Elisa",
volume="205",
number="",
pages="e107593-e107593",
abstract="BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Individuals with heroin addiction are prone to dysfunctional decision-making. They frequently choose the short-term rewarding option of drug intake despite experiencing long-term negative consequences. Opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) is the most common treatment of heroin addiction. <br><br>METHODS: In this study, 38 individuals in an early stage of abstinence from heroin addiction (ESA-HA individuals) at the end of inpatient detoxification treatment and 41 individuals in long-term OMT were examined. Decision-making was assessed by (I) a modified version of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) with drug-related stimuli focusing on decision-making under ambiguity and (II) the Game of Dice Task (GDT) assessing decision-making under objective risk. <br><br>RESULTS: OMT-individuals showed significantly better performance in the IGT than the ESA-HA-individuals. They also showed significantly less craving under exposure of drug-related pictures. In the GDT, OMT-individuals showed significantly less risky decision-making than ESA-HA-individuals. <br><br>CONCLUSION: The results suggest that patients receiving OMT show better functional decision-making and lower craving reactions. It could be assumed that the effectiveness of OMT in preventing relapse is linked to better decision-making and lower craving among these patients.<br><br>Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0376-8716",
doi="10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107593",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107593"
}