@article{ref1,
title="Physical injury and psychotic experiences in 48 low- and middle-income countries",
journal="Psychological medicine",
year="2019",
author="Stickley, A. and Sumiyoshi, T. and Narita, Z. and Oh, H. and DeVylder, J. E. and Jacob, L. and Koyanagi, A.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Psychotic experiences (PEs) may be associated with injuries, but studies focusing specifically on low- and middle-income countries (LAMICs) are scarce. Thus, the current study examined the link between injuries and PEs in a large number of LAMICs. <br><br>METHOD: Cross-sectional data were used from 242 952 individuals in 48 LAMICs that were collected during the World Health Survey in 2002-2004 to examine the association between traffic-related and other (non-traffic-related) forms of injury and PEs. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and meta-analysis were used to examine associations while controlling for a variety of covariates including depression. <br><br>RESULTS: In fully adjusted analyses, any injury [odds ratio (OR) 2.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.85-2.31], traffic injury (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.53-2.21) and other injury (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.84-2.37) were associated with higher odds for PEs. <br><br>RESULTS from a country-wise analysis showed that any injury was associated with significantly increased odds for PEs in 39 countries with the overall pooled OR estimated by meta-analysis being 2.46 (95% CI 2.22-2.74) with a moderate level of between-country heterogeneity (I2 = 56.3%). Similar results were observed across all country income levels (low, lower-middle and upper-middle). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Different types of injury are associated with PEs in LAMICs. Improving mental health systems and trauma capacity in LAMICs may be important for preventing injury-related negative mental health outcomes.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0033-2917",
doi="10.1017/S0033291719002897",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291719002897"
}