@article{ref1,
title="Bullies and victims at school: Are they the same pupils?",
journal="British journal of educational psychology",
year="2007",
author="Solberg, Mona E. and Olweus, Dan and Endresen, I. M.",
volume="77",
number="Pt 2",
pages="441-464",
abstract="BACKGROUND: The reported prevalence of bully-victims and aggressive/provocative victims varies quite considerably in previous research, and only a few studies have reported prevalence rates across grades. There is also a lack of detailed analyses of the extent to which victims are also bullies, and bullies are also victims. AIMS: To study the prevalence of male and female bully-victims across grade/age and to establish the degree of overlap or relative size of the bully-victim group by relating them to all victims, all bullies and all involved students. SAMPLES: Participants in Study 1 were 5,171 pupils in grades 5-9 from 37 schools. Study 2 comprised 12,983 pupils in grades 4-10 from 66 schools. METHODS: The Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire was administered to the pupils in their ordinary classrooms. RESULTS: The prevalence of bully-victims was low and mainly declined across grades. There were far more boys than girls in the bully-victim group. Bully-victims resembled victims only (pure victims) in terms of age-trends and bullies only (pure bullies) in terms of sex composition. The overlap of bully-victims with the total victim group was fairly small (10-20%) in all grades. In primary grades, bully-victims constituted about 30-50% of the total bully group, whereas in higher grades these proportions were considerably lower. CONCLUSION: Our analyses and overview of previous research suggest that the bully-victim group is small, and that the large variations across studies are mainly due to differences in choice of cutoff point. Bully-victims should generally be seen and treated statistically as a distinct subgroup. The relatively larger proportion of bully-victims in lower grades should be explored further.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0007-0998",
doi="10.1348/000709906X105689",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/000709906X105689"
}