@article{ref1,
title="Dopaminergic D<sub>1</sub> receptor stimulation affects effort and risk preferences",
journal="Biological psychiatry",
year="2019",
author="Soutschek, Alexander and Gvozdanovic, Geraldine and Kozak, Rouba and Duvvuri, Sridhar and de Martinis, Nicholas and Harel, Brian and Gray, David L. and Fehr, Ernst and Jetter, Alexander and Tobler, Philippe N.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Activation of D<sub>1</sub> receptors has been related to successful goal-directed behavior, but it remains unclear whether D<sub>1</sub> receptor activation causally tips the balance of weighing costs and benefits in humans. Here, we tested the impact of pharmacologically stimulated D<sub>1</sub> receptors on sensitivity to risk, delay, and effort costs in economic choice and investigated whether D<sub>1</sub> receptor stimulation would bias preferences toward options with increased costs in a cost-specific manner. <br><br>METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase 1 study, 120 healthy young volunteers received either placebo or 1 of 3 doses (6 mg, 15 mg, or 30 mg) of a novel, selective D<sub>1</sub> agonist (PF-06412562). After drug administration, participants performed decision tasks measuring their preferences for risky, delayed, and effortful outcomes. <br><br>RESULTS: Higher doses of the D<sub>1</sub> agonist increased the willingness to exert physical effort for reward as well as reduced the preference for risky outcomes. We observed no effects on preferences for delayed rewards. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The current results provide evidence that D<sub>1</sub> receptor stimulation causally affects core aspects of cost-benefit decision making in humans.<br><br>Copyright © 2019 Society of Biological Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0006-3223",
doi="10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.09.002",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.09.002"
}