@article{ref1,
title="Long-term violent reoffending following forensic psychiatric treatment: comparing forensic psychiatric examinees and general offender controls",
journal="Frontiers in psychiatry",
year="2019",
author="Bengtson, Susanne and Lund, Jens and Ibsen, Michael and Långström, Niklas",
volume="10",
number="",
pages="e715-e715",
abstract="<b>Background:</b> Long-term violent re-offending in forensic psychiatric (FP) patients <i>vs</i>. non-FP offenders is largely unknown. <b>Methods:</b> We studied rates and facets of long-term violent reoffending among 1,062 violent forensic psychiatric examinees (FPE) consecutively undergoing pre-trial, forensic psychiatric examination (FPE) in Denmark during 1980-1992. Altogether, 392 were sentenced to <i>FP treatment</i> (FPE+T); the remaining 670 examinees received ordinary non-FP sanctions (FPE-T). FPE+T were compared to 392 contemporary <i>matched violent general offenders</i> (GEN) without FPE or other psychiatric contacts and sentenced to ordinary non-FP sanctions. FPE data were linked to population-based registers with sociodemographic, psychiatric, and crime information, and we estimated relative risks controlling for birth year, sex, educational and marital status, and previous violent crime. <b>Results:</b> During follow-up (mean = 18.0-19.5 years), FPE+T and GEN had <i>any violent recidivism</i> rates of 43% <i>vs</i>. 29% [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-1.9], respectively. Corresponding findings for <i>severe violence</i> (21% <i>vs</i>. 14%; aHR = 1.3; 95% CI, 0.9-1.9) and <i>recurrent violence</i> (3+ violent convictions; 16% <i>vs</i>. 6%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.5; 95% CI, 1.5-4.4) also suggested weakly to moderately increased risks in FPE+T, albeit non-significantly for the former. Comparing FPE+T to FPE-T suggested <i>decreased</i> risk of <i>any violence</i> (43% <i>vs</i>. 51%; aHR = 0.8; 95% CI, 0.6-1.1), <i>severe</i> (21% <i>vs</i>. 34%; aHR = 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4-0.8), and <i>recurrent violence</i> [16% <i>vs</i>. 22%; adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.7; 95% CI, 0.5-1.0] in FP patients, though non-significantly for any violence and recurrent violence. Among all FPE examinees, violent reoffending was independently predicted by male sex, younger age, pre-index violent crime, personality disorder (<i>vs</i>. schizophrenia spectrum and other psychiatric disorder), substance use disorder, and 5+ hospital admissions. <b>Conclusion:</b> FPE examinees, untreated followed by treated, reoffend violently more often than GENs. Similar trends are suggested also for severe and recurrent violence suggesting a need for continua of services for FPE examinees, independently of medico-legal status (i.e., sentencing to treatment or not).<br><br>Copyright © 2019 Bengtson, Lund, Ibsen and Långström.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1664-0640",
doi="10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00715",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00715"
}