@article{ref1,
title="Longitudinal effects of excessive smartphone use on stress and loneliness: the moderating role of self-disclosure",
journal="Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking",
year="2019",
author="Karsay, Kathrin and Schmuck, Desirée and Matthes, Jörg and Stevic, Anja",
volume="22",
number="11",
pages="706-713",
abstract="The present study investigates how excessive smartphone use predicts users' stress and loneliness while taking the moderating role of online self-disclosure into account. We conducted a two-wave panel survey with a quota sample of smartphone users (<i>n</i> = 461 at time 2 [T2]). We found no direct effects of excessive smartphone use on stress or loneliness. However, our results showed that online self-disclosure moderates the postulated relationships. That is, excessive smartphone use (time 1 [T1]) predicts increased stress (T2), for those smartphone users who do engage in little online self-disclosure. However, for those who communicate their feelings, anxieties, and problems online, excessive smartphone use (T1) can even reduce loneliness (T2) and relieve stress (T2).<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2152-2715",
doi="10.1089/cyber.2019.0255",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2019.0255"
}