@article{ref1,
title="Cycas revoluta (sago cycad) exposures reported to Texas poison centers",
journal="American journal of emergency medicine",
year="2019",
author="Forrester, Mathias B. and Layton, George M. and Varney, Shawn M.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Cycas revoluta (sago cycad or palm) is a popular ornamental plant in the United States. All parts of the plant contain toxins such cycasin and beta-methylamino-l-alanine, the ingestion of which can be harmful to humans and animals. The objective of this study was to characterize C. revoluta exposures reported to poison centers. <br><br>METHODS: Cases were C. revoluta exposures reported to Texas poison centers during 2000-2018. The distribution of cases by selected variables was determined. <br><br>RESULTS: Of 192 total C. revoluta exposures, the most common exposure routes were ingestion (55.7%) and dermal (34.4%). The patient age distribution was 28.1% 5  years or less, 15.1% 6-12  years, 4.7% 13-19 years, and 50.5% 20 years or more; 55.2% were male. The exposure was unintentional in 92.2% of the cases and occurred at the patient's own residence in 94.8%. The patient was managed on site in 78.6% of the cases, already at/en route to a healthcare facility in 12.0%, and referred to a healthcare facility in 8.9%. The most common reported clinical effects were dermal (23.4%), particularly puncture/wound (16.1%), dermal irritation/pain (14.6%), and edema (8.9%), followed by gastrointestinal (13.0%), particularly vomiting (8.9%) and nausea (7.8%). <br><br>CONCLUSION: Most of the C. revoluta exposures tended to be unintentional and occurred at home. Although most of the C. revoluta exposures involved ingestion, 35% were dermal, and the most frequently reported clinical effects were dermal followed by gastrointestinal. Most of the exposures were not serious and were managed outside of a healthcare facility.<br><br>Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0735-6757",
doi="10.1016/j.ajem.2019.158446",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2019.158446"
}