@article{ref1,
title="The effect of opioid dependence on firearm injury treatment outcomes: a nationwide analysis",
journal="Journal of surgical research",
year="2019",
author="Peluso, Heather and Cull, John D. and Abougergi, Marwan S.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Both the opioid and gun violence epidemics are recurrent public health issues in the United States. We sought to determine the effect of opioid dependence on gunshot injury treatment outcomes. <br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the 2016 National Readmission Database, patients were included if they had a principal diagnosis of firearm injury. Opioid dependence was identified using appropriate International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification codes. The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause readmission. Secondary outcomes were in-hospital and 1-year mortality, resource utilization, and most common reasons for admission and readmission. Confounders were adjusted for using multivariate regression analysis. <br><br>RESULTS: A total of 31,303 patients were included, 695 of whom were opioid dependent. Opioid-dependent patients were more likely to be young (35.1 y, range: 33.4-36.7 y) and male (89.9%) compared with patients without opioid dependence. Opioid dependence was associated with higher 30-day readmission rates (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-2.50, P = 0.01). However, opioid dependence was associated with lower in-hospital (aOR: 0.16, CI: 0.07-0.38, P < 0.01) and 1-year (aOR: 0.15, CI: 0.06-0.38, P < 0.01) mortality, longer mean length of stay (adjusted mean difference [aMD]: 2.09 d, CI: 0.43-3.76, P = 0.03), and total hospitalization costs (aMD: $6,318, CI: $ 257-$12,380, P = 0.04). Both groups had similar total hospitalization charges (aMD: $$10,491, CI: -$12,618-$33,600, P-value = 0.37). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Opioid dependence leads to higher rates of 30-day readmission and resource utilization among patients with firearm injuries. However, the in-hospital and 1-year mortality rates are lower among patients with opioid dependence secondary to lower injury acuity.<br><br>Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-4804",
doi="10.1016/j.jss.2019.10.018",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2019.10.018"
}