@article{ref1,
title="The associations between screen time-based sedentary behavior and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis",
journal="BMC public health",
year="2019",
author="Wang, Xiao and Li, Yuexuan and Fan, Haoliang",
volume="19",
number="1",
pages="e1524-e1524",
abstract="BACKGROUND: The use of computers/TV has become increasingly common worldwide after entering the twenty-first century and depression represents a growing public health burden. Understanding the association between screen time-based sedentary behavior (ST-SB) and the risk of depression is important to the development of prevention and intervention strategies. <br><br>METHODS: We searched the electronic databases of Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library. The odds ratio (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was adopted as the pooled measurement. Subgroup analyses were investigated by stratified meta-analyses based on age, gender and reference group (reference category of screen time, e.g. 2 h/day, 4 h/day). <br><br>RESULTS: There were 12 cross-sectional studies and 7 longitudinal studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, the pooled OR was 1.28 with high heterogeneity (I<sup>2</sup> = 89%). Compared to those who reported less SB, persons reporting more SB had a significantly higher risk of depression. When the gender was stratified, the pooled OR was 1.18 in female groups while no significant association was observed in males. Among the 19 studies, 5 studies used a reference group with ST = 2 h/days (pooled OR = 1.46), 9 studies used ≥4 h as a reference group (pooled OR = 1.38), 2 studies used 1 h as a reference group (pooled OR = 1.07) and for the remaining 3 studies, hours of ST were calculated as a continuous variable (pooled OR = 1.04). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: ST-SB is associated with depression risk and the effects vary in different populations. In addition, valid objective measures of SB should be developed in future studies.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1471-2458",
doi="10.1186/s12889-019-7904-9",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7904-9"
}