@article{ref1,
title="Factorial validity of a substance-use stigma scale in methamphetamine-using adults in China",
journal="Drug and alcohol dependence",
year="2019",
author="Chen, Shubao and Ma, Yuejiao and Cai, Weifu and Moretta, Tania and Wang, Xuyi and Liu, Tieqiao and Potenza, Marc N.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Despite the large number of individuals who use substances of abuse and the stigma of such behaviors in China, scales have not been developed and validated for assessing substance-use stigma. Given its importance for targeting interventions, the aim of the present study was to validate a Chinese substance-use stigma measure including three dimensions of substance-use-disorder-related stigma (personal stigma, perceived stigma and social distance) by modifying a pre-existing scale measuring mental illness-related stigma and social distance. <br><br>METHODS: A convenience sample of eight-hundred-and-twelve individuals with substance abuse (aged 18-68 years) from different drug rehabilitation centers completed a self-reported survey including their demographics and drug use, and the stigma and social distance scales. The adapted, translated from English to Chinese, and back-translated scales were an 18-items stigma scale including personal stigma and perceived stigma subscales and a 5-items one domain social distance scale. Confirmatory factor analysis and multigroup confirmatory factor analysis tested factorial validity and measurement invariance of the scales, respectively. <br><br>RESULTS: For the stigma scale, by deleting one low correlation dimension (named &quot;weak-not-sick&quot;), personal stigma and perceived stigma showed acceptable fit indices and internal consistency with two dimensions (named &quot;dangerous/unpredictable&quot; and &quot;social discrimination&quot;), separately. The social distance scale showed good fit indices and internal consistency as a separate facet of stigma-related substance-use problems. Invariance of the model across drug-rehabilitation centers was found. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The Chinese substance-use stigma scale may serve as a valuable tool for better understanding substance-use stigma among adults in China who abuse substances.<br><br>Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0376-8716",
doi="10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107677",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107677"
}