@article{ref1,
title="Reliability and construct validity of the stepping-forward affordance perception test for fall risk assessment in community-dwelling older adults",
journal="PLoS one",
year="2019",
author="Almeida, Gabriela and Bravo, Jorge and Folgado, Hugo and Rosado, Hugo and Mendes, Felismina and Pereira, Catarina",
volume="14",
number="11",
pages="e0225118-e0225118",
abstract="Thus far, few studies have examined the estimation and actual performance of locomotor ability in older adults. To our knowledge, there are no studies examining the relationship between stepping-forward estimation versus ability and fall occurrence. The aim of this study was to develop and assess the reliability and validity of a new test for fall risk assessment in community-dwelling older adults. In total, 347 participants (73.1 ± 6.2 years; 266 women) were assessed for their perception of maximum distance for the stepping-forward and action boundary. The test was developed following the existing literature and expert opinions. The task showed strong internal consistency. Intraclass correlation ranged from 0.99 to 1 for intrarater agreement and from 0.83 to 0.97 for interrater agreement. Multivariate binary regression analysis models revealed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.665 (95% CI: 0.608-0.723) for fallers and 0.728 (95% CI: 0.655-0.797) for recurrent fallers. The stepping-forward affordance perception test (SF-APT) was demonstrated to be accurate, reliable and valid for fall risk assessment. The results showed that a large estimated stepping-forward associated with an underestimated absolute error works as a protective mechanism for fallers and recurrent fallers in community-dwelling older adults. SF-APT is safe, quick, easy to administer, well accepted and reproducible for application in community or clinical settings by either clinical or nonclinical care professionals.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1932-6203",
doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0225118",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225118"
}