@article{ref1,
title="Risks from breathing elevated oxygen",
journal="Aerospace medicine and human performance",
year="2019",
author="Shykoff, Barbara E. and Lee, Rees L.",
volume="90",
number="12",
pages="1041-1049",
abstract="<b>INTRODUCTION:</b> Effects of breathing gas with elevated oxygen partial pressure (Po₂) and/or elevated inspired oxygen fraction (F<sub>I</sub>o₂) at sea level or higher is discussed. High F<sub>I</sub>o₂ is associated with absorption problems in the lungs, middle ear, and paranasal sinuses, particularly if F<sub>I</sub>o₂ > 80% and small airways, Eustachian tubes, or sinus passages are blocked. Absorption becomes faster as cabin altitude increases. Pulmonary oxygen toxicity and direct oxidative injuries, related to elevated Po₂, are improbable in flight; no pulmonary oxygen toxicity has been found when Po₂ < 55 kPa [418 Torr; 100% O₂ higher than 15,000 ft (4570 m)]. Symptoms with Po₂ of 75 kPa [520 Torr; 100% O₂ at 10,000 ft (3050 m)] were reported after 24 h and the earliest signs at Po₂ of 100 kPa (760 Torr, 100% O₂ at sea level) occurred after 6 h. However, treatment for decompression sickness entails a risk of pulmonary oxygen toxicity. Elevated Po₂ also constricts blood vessels, changes blood pressure control, and reduces the response to low blood sugar. With healthy lungs, gas transport and oxygen delivery are not improved by increasing Po₂. Near zero humidity of the breathing gas in which oxygen is delivered may predispose susceptible individuals to bronchoconstriction.<b>Shykoff BE, Lee RL. <i>Risks from breathing elevated oxygen</i>. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(12):1041-1049.</b><p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2375-6314",
doi="10.3357/AMHP.5393.2019",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/AMHP.5393.2019"
}