@article{ref1,
title="Utility of brief psychological measures for prediction of prolonged symptom clearance in concussed student athletes",
journal="Archives of clinical neuropsychology",
year="2019",
author="Wilmoth, Kristin and Curcio, Nicholas and Tarkenton, Tahnae and Meredith-Duliba, Tawny and Tan, Alexander and Didehbani, Nyaz and Hynan, Linda S. and Miller, Shane M. and Bell, Kathleen R. and Cullum, C. Munro",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Variability in recovery time following sport-related concussion (SRC) is poorly understood. We explored the utility of brief mood, anxiety, and sleep questionnaires as postinjury predictors of SRC symptom clearance in adolescents. <br><br>METHOD: At initial visit 0-2 weeks postinjury, concussed athletes aged 12-18 years self-reported injury/medical factors (prior concussion, loss of consciousness, amnesia, and concussion symptom severity) and were administered psychological symptom measures. At 3 months, medical record review determined return-to-play (RTP) date. Subjects were divided into two datasets, with the first utilized for developing cutoff scores and then validated with the second dataset. <br><br>RESULTS: A total of 64% of the 141 participants had early RTP (within 21 days postinjury), and 23% had late RTP (postinjury day 30 or later). The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7, M = 2.1, SD = 3.1) was the only significant predictor (p = .001), with a 1.4-fold [95% CI 1.2-1.8] increased risk for every point. No other factors in the full model discriminated recovery groups (ps > .05). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis derived a GAD-7 cut score ≥3 (sensitivity= 56.7%, specificity = 74.2%, AUCs = 0.63-0.79, ps < .001). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Postconcussion anxiety symptoms may help identify individuals at increased risk for prolonged recovery.<br><br>© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permission@oup.com.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0887-6177",
doi="10.1093/arclin/acz061",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz061"
}