@article{ref1,
title="Effects of punishment, social norms, and peer pressure on delinquency: spare the rod and spoil the child?",
journal="Journal of social and personal relationships",
year="2019",
author="Chadee, Derek and Ali, Stacia and Burke, Ariel",
volume="36",
number="9",
pages="2714-2737",
abstract="Parental behavior regulation and delinquency is well established in the literature. While the precise direction of the relationship seems elusive, delinquency remains a recurring behavioral outcome of punitive forms of discipline. Opponents of punishment propose that it leads to a greater likelihood of conduct issues in adolescence and adulthood. The present study assessed the influence of punishment, social norms, and age on delinquency while examining peer pressure as a mediator. Further, gender and ethnicity were controlled. A random sample of 2011 participants from a southern Caribbean island responded to a questionnaire administered by field interviewers. Data were analyzed using path analysis, multiple group analysis, and one-way analysis of variance. <br><br>RESULTS showed that all independent variables were significant in predicting delinquency while peer pressure mediated these relationships. Further, gender and ethnic differences were observed with males and African-Trinidadians rating highest on delinquency. <br><br>FINDINGS are discussed within the theoretical frameworks of social bond theory, PARTheory, and in relation to previous research. Limitations and future research are also highlighted.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0265-4075",
doi="10.1177/0265407518798137",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407518798137"
}