@article{ref1,
title="Canyoning accidents in Austria from 2005 to 2018",
journal="International journal of environmental research and public health",
year="2020",
author="Ströhle, Mathias and Beeretz, Ina and Rugg, Christopher and Woyke, Simon and Rauch, Simon and Paal, Peter",
volume="17",
number="1",
pages="e17010102-e17010102",
abstract="Canyoning has become a popular recreational sport. Nevertheless, little is known about injuries or diseases associated with canyoning. The aim of this study was to examine accident causes, injury patterns, out-of-hospital and in-hospital treatment and outcomes. For this purpose, national out-of-hospital data from the Austrian Alpine Safety Board and regional in-hospital data from Innsbruck Medical University Hospital were analysed for the period from November 1, 2005 to October 31, 2018. Nationally, 471 persons were involved in such accidents; 162 (34.4%) were severely injured, nine of whom died. Jumping (<i>n</i> = 110, 23.4%), rappelling (<i>n</i> = 51, 10.8%), sliding (<i>n</i> = 41, 8.7%) and stumbling (<i>n</i> = 26, 5.5%) were the most common causes of canyoning accidents. A large proportion of injuries were documented for the lower extremities (<i>n</i> = 133, 47.5%), followed by the upper extremities (<i>n</i> = 65, 23.2%) and the spine (<i>n</i> = 44, 15.7%). Death was mainly caused by drowning. Overall mortality was 1.9% (<i>n</i> = 9), and the absolute risk was 0.02 deaths per 1000 hrs of canyoning. Many uninjured persons required evacuation (<i>n</i> = 116, 24.6%), which resulted in a substantial expense and workload for emergency medical services. Increased safety precautions are required to reduce accidents while jumping and rappelling and fatalities caused by drowning.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1661-7827",
doi="10.3390/ijerph17010102",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010102"
}