@article{ref1,
title="Attenuated cardiovascular responses to the cold pressor test in concussed collegiate athletes",
journal="Journal of athletic training",
year="2020",
author="Johnson, Blair D. and Sackett, James R. and Schlader, Zachary J. and Leddy, John J.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="CONTEXT: Cardiovascular responses to the cold pressor test (CPT) provide information regarding sympathetic function. <br><br>OBJECTIVE: To determine if recently concussed collegiate athletes had blunted cardiovascular responses during the CPT. <br><br>DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: A total of 10 symptomatic concussed collegiate athletes with (5 men, 5 women; age = 20 ± 2 years) who were within 7 days of diagnosis and 10 healthy control individuals (5 men, 5 women; age = 24 ± 4 years). INTERVENTION(S): The participants' right hands were submerged in agitated ice water for 120 seconds (CPT). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Heart rate and blood pressure were continuously measured and averaged at baseline and every 30 seconds during the CPT. <br><br>RESULTS: Baseline heart rate and mean arterial pressure were not different between groups. Heart rate increased throughout 90 seconds of the CPT (peak increase at 60 seconds = 16 ± 13 beats/min; <i>P</i> <.001) in healthy control participants but remained unchanged in concussed athletes (peak increase at 60 seconds = 7 ± 10 beats/min; <i>P</i> =.08). We observed no differences between groups for the heart rate response (<i>P</i> >.28). Mean arterial pressure was elevated throughout the CPT starting at 30 seconds (5 ± 7 mmHg; <i>P</i> =.048) in healthy control individuals (peak increase at 120 seconds = 26 ± 9 mmHg; <i>P</i> <.001). Mean arterial pressure increased in concussed athletes at 90 seconds (8 ± 8 mmHg; <i>P</i> =.003) and 120 seconds (12 ± 8 mmHg; <i>P</i> <.001). Healthy control participants had a greater increase in mean arterial pressure starting at 60 seconds (<i>P</i> <.001) and throughout the CPT than concussed athletes (peak difference at 90 seconds = 25 ± 10 mmHg and 8 ± 8 mmHg, respectively; <i>P</i> <.001). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Recently concussed athletes had blunted cardiovascular responses to the CPT, which indicated sympathetic dysfunction.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1062-6050",
doi="10.4085/1062-6050-573-18",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-573-18"
}