@article{ref1,
title="Velocity storage: its multiple roles",
journal="Journal of Neurophysiology",
year="2020",
author="Lackner, James R. and DiZio, Paul",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="Our research described here was motivated by the puzzling finding of the Skylab M-131 experiments: head movements made while rotating that are nauseogenic and disorienting on Earth are innocuous in a weightless, 0g, environment. We describe a series of parabolic flight experiments that directly addressed this puzzle and discovered the gravity-dependent responses to semicircular canal stimulation, consistent with the principles of velocity storage. We describe a line of research that started in a different direction, investigating dynamic balancing, but ended up pointing to the gravity dependence of angular velocity-to-position integration of semicircular canal signals. Together these lines of research and the theoretical framework of velocity storage provide an answer to at least part of the M-131 puzzle. We also describe recently discovered neural circuits by which active, dynamic vestibular, multi-sensory, and motor signals are interpreted as either appropriate for action and orientation or as conflicts evoking motion sickness and disorientation.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-3077",
doi="10.1152/jn.00139.2019",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00139.2019"
}