@article{ref1,
title="Night-time rainfall effect on road service and travel time loss: a case study of roadway without light",
journal="International journal of applied engineering research",
year="2019",
author="Makinde, O. O. and Ben-Edigbe, J.",
volume="14",
number="11",
pages="2773-2781",
abstract="On roads without lights, the effect of night time rainfall on the functional quality of service is investigated in this paper. Functional level or quality of service (FQS) is taken as a qualitative measure of the operating conditions of a roadway where travel time and travel speed are used as key performance indicators. Travel time is used as proxy for road service users' quality perception and travel speed used as a proxy for road service provider's perception of service quality. Travel time in conjunction with travel speed and traffic flow were used to develop a novel six-class functional quality of service criteria table where Class A is the best and Class F is the worst. 24hr continuous traffic volume, vehicle speed, vehicle type and rainfall intensity data were collected for eight weeks at four selected 2-lane interstate roadways without light in Nigeria. <br><br>RESULTS show that an average travel time increase and corresponding travel speed decrease under light, moderate and heavy rainfall. Heavy rainfall caused the highest travel time increase of 9%. Whilst moderate rainfall accounted for 6% increase in travel time and light rainfall accounted for 4% travel time increase, FQS dropped from Class B to Class C during night rainfall on roadways without light. The paper concluded that rainfall has negative effect on the functional quality of service. The findings could be used in a variety of ways in traffic management to predict travel time under rainy conditions and prescribe speed limits accordingly.   Keywords: Night-time, rainfall, level of service, travel time, speed, traffic flow<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0973-4562",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}