@article{ref1,
title="Sleep apnea and risk of traumatic brain injury and associated mortality and healthcare costs: a population-based cohort study",
journal="Annals of translational medicine",
year="2019",
author="Lin, Shih-Yi and Chen, Weishan and Harnod, Tomor and Lin, Cheng-Li and Hsu, Wu-Huei and Lin, Cheng-Chieh and Chang, Yun-Lun and Wang, I-Kuan and Kao, Chia-Hung",
volume="7",
number="22",
pages="644-644",
abstract="BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was aimed to investigate whether sleep apnea patients had a higher risk of traumatic brain injury. <br><br>METHODS: Data were collected from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database during the period of 2000-2012. The study cohort comprised 6,456 patients aged ≥20 years with a first diagnosis of sleep apnea. The primary outcome was the incidence of traumatic brain injury. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional-hazards modeling were used. <br><br>RESULTS: After adjustments for associated comorbidities and hypnotic medications, sleep apnea patients were associated with a 1.19-fold higher risk of traumatic brain injury (95% CI, 1.07-1.33) compared with patients without sleep apnea. Sleep apnea patients who took benzodiazepine (BZD) had a 1.30-fold increased risk of traumatic brain injury compared with patients without sleep apnea (95% CI, 1.14-1.49). However, this risk was not statistically significant, with a 1.03-fold risk of traumatic brain injury in sleep apnea patients without BZD use (95% CI, 0.84-1.25) compared with patients without sleep apnea. Compared with patients without sleep apnea, the risk of traumatic brain injury in sleep apnea patients aged 65-79 years old was higher (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.06-1.74). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Sleep apnea patients, regardless of hypnotic use, had a higher risk of traumatic brain injury compared with patients without sleep apnea.<br><br>2019 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2305-5839",
doi="10.21037/atm.2019.10.88",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/atm.2019.10.88"
}