@article{ref1,
title="Sometimes they come back: responding to American foreign fighter returnees and other elusive threats",
journal="Behavioral sciences of terrorism and political aggression",
year="2020",
author="Wright, Christopher J.",
volume="12",
number="1",
pages="1-16",
abstract="Much has been made of the threat of battle hardened jihadis from Islamist insurgencies, especially Syria. But do Americans who return home after gaining experience fighting abroad pose a greater risk than homegrown jihadi militants with no such experience? Using updated data covering 1990-2017, this study shows that the presence of a returnee decreases the likelihood that an executed plot will cause mass casualties. Plots carried out with American returnees from Islamist insurgencies abroad also decrease the likelihood that a plot will come to fruition. The presence of a known foreign fighter increases the likelihood of detection and disruption by law enforcement officials. These data also show successful attacks by any but lone-actors are becoming increasingly rare. However, attacks planned and executed by close-family members are the exception to the general rule.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1943-4472",
doi="10.1080/19434472.2018.1464493",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19434472.2018.1464493"
}