@article{ref1,
title="Association of adverse drug events with hospitalization outcomes and costs in older adults in the USA using the Nationwide Readmissions Database",
journal="Pharmaceutical medicine",
year="2019",
author="Riaz, Munaza and Brown, Joshua D.",
volume="33",
number="4",
pages="321-329",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Adverse drug events (ADEs) are a primary cause of significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare utilization in older adults. <br><br>OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes and cost of ADEs during hospitalization in older adults. <br><br>METHODS: Discharges for patients aged 65 years or older were identified in the 2014 Nationwide Readmissions Database. ADEs were selected based on a previously developed algorithm of 442 unique diagnoses and external causes of injury codes. Patients were categorized into ADE or non-ADE groups. Regression models were used for a multivariable analysis for each outcome metric, which included all-cause readmission, in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and costs. <br><br>RESULTS: The study included 3,832,322 patients. Among these patients, 203,432 (5.3%) had at least one ADE during hospitalization. The majority of ADEs were related to broad categories of &quot;medications affecting blood constituents&quot; (22%) and &quot;adverse effects of biological and medicinal substances in therapeutic use&quot; (23%). In adjusted models, older adults with ADEs during hospitalization had a 25% (p < 0.0001) and 9% (p < 0.0001) higher odds of readmission and in-hospital mortality, respectively, as compared with those without ADEs. A 17% (p < 0.0001) increase in the length of stay was estimated in the ADE group and 1% point estimate (p > 0.05) rise in cost was observed in the ADE group when compared with the non-ADE group. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: ADEs have a substantial burden on in-patient care of older adults both clinically (increased readmission, in-hospital mortality, and length of stay) and financially. Targeted interventions can help to prevent ADEs and, consequently, the associated clinical and economic burden.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1178-2595",
doi="10.1007/s40290-019-00286-z",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40290-019-00286-z"
}