@article{ref1,
title="The magnitude of the spatial disorientation problem in transport airplanes",
journal="Aerospace medicine and human performance",
year="2020",
author="Newman, Richard L. and Rupert, Angus H.",
volume="91",
number="2",
pages="65-70",
abstract="<b>INTRODUCTION:</b> Loss-of-control (LOC) is the major cause of transport airplane mishaps. There have been many published reports and papers examining these accidents. While these studies did mention spatial disorientation (SD) as a cause or a factor, none of them analyzed it further. The present study uses transport and commuter airplane mishap data for a recent 35-yr period and examines the results of those mishaps involving spatial disorientation.<b>METHOD:</b> We identified LOC and SD accidents from five national aviation accident organizations and two independent groups. Only &quot;normal&quot; operations (air carrier, noncommercial transportation, ferry flights, and training) were considered. We reviewed transport and commuter airplane accidents using the published reports and identified 94 involving SD.<b>RESULTS:</b> We found the distribution of SD mishaps differs from LOC mishaps. During initial climb, there were relatively fewer SD mishaps (16%) than LOC mishaps (31%). During enroute climb SD has relatively more mishaps (18%) than LOC (11%). During go-around or missed approach phases, there were relatively more SD mishaps (21%) than LOC mishaps (4%). Perhaps the most significant observation was an increasing number of SD mishaps during the period reviewed.<b>DISCUSSION:</b> There are several possible reasons for the increasing numbers of SD mishaps over the study period from 1981 to 2016. Somatogravic illusion during go-around or missed approach accounts for only some of this increase. There is insufficient data to determine the reason for the remaining increase.<b>Newman RL, Rupert AH. <i>The magnitude of the spatial disorientation problem in transport airplanes</i>. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(2):65-70.</b><p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2375-6314",
doi="10.3357/AMHP.5442.2020",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/AMHP.5442.2020"
}