@article{ref1,
title="Toward an integrated multilevel theory of crime at place: routine activities, social disorganization, and the law of crime concentration",
journal="Journal of quantitative criminology",
year="2019",
author="Jones, Roderick W. and Pridemore, William Alex",
volume="35",
number="3",
pages="543-572",
abstract="OBJECTIVEsWe propose and test a multilevel theoretical model of crime concentration by combining criminal opportunity and social disorganization into a single hierarchical model. Our theoretical model simultaneously answers calls to integrate routine activities theory and social disorganization theory and provides a logical framework for understanding the connections between neighborhood context and micro-spatial environmental conditions.<br><br>METHODSTo test our theory we used multilevel negative binomial regression with controls for spatial dependence to estimate street segment level crime counts.<br><br>RESULTSFindings showed the expected direct effects on street segment-level violent and property crime of both micro- and neighborhood-level characteristics. Our results for cross-level interaction effects provided evidence neighborhood context moderates the association between street segment-level variables and crime. Model comparisons using likelihood ratio tests revealed that including neighborhood-level characteristics improved explanatory power relative to single level models.<br><br>CONCLUSIONSThis study lends support to a multilevel theory of the law of crime concentration that includes both neighborhood and street segment level conditions.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0748-4518",
doi="10.1007/s10940-018-9397-6",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10940-018-9397-6"
}