@article{ref1,
title="Age at menarche associated with subsequent educational attainment and risk-taking behaviours: the Pelotas 1982 Birth Cohort",
journal="Annals of human biology",
year="2020",
author="Calthorpe, Lucia M. and Gigante, Denise P. and Horta, Bernardo L. and Ong, Ken K.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="<b>Background:</b> Earlier age at menarche (AAM), a marker of puberty timing in females, has been associated with a higher likelihood of adolescent risk-taking behaviours and variably associated with educational attainment.<b>Aim:</b> To examine the association between AAM and educational attainment in the Pelotas, Brazil, 1982 Birth Cohort.<b>Subjects and methods:</b> AAM was categorised as Early (7-11 years), Average (12-13 years), or Late (14+ years). Primary outcome: years of education (age 30). Secondary outcomes: risk-taking behaviours, adult income and school grade failure.<b>Results:</b> In adjusted models, compared to Average AAM, Late AAM was associated with 0.64 fewer years of education (95% CI: -1.15, -0.13). Early AAM was associated with earlier age at first sexual intercourse (-0.25 years; 95% CI: -0.39, -0.12), whereas Late AAM was associated with 17% lower adult income (0.83; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.95) and 0.31 years older age at first alcohol consumption (95% CI: 0.10, 0.52).<b>Conclusions:</b> Our findings confirm the association between earlier puberty timing in females and a greater likelihood of risk-taking behaviours in this setting of recent secular changes towards earlier puberty. However, the association between Late AAM and lower education was surprising and may support a psychosocial rather than biological link between puberty timing and educational outcomes.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0301-4460",
doi="10.1080/03014460.2020.1715476",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014460.2020.1715476"
}