@article{ref1,
title="Fast food consumption and suicide attempts among adolescents aged 12-15 years from 32 countries",
journal="Journal of affective disorders",
year="2020",
author="Jacob, Louis and Stubbs, Brendon and Firth, Joseph and Smith, Lee and Haro, Josep Maria and Koyanagi, Ai",
volume="266",
number="",
pages="63-70",
abstract="BACKGROUND: We examined the fast food consumption-suicide attempt relationship among 105,061 adolescents aged 12-15 years from 32 countries. <br><br>METHODS: This study was based on cross-sectional data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS), and included 4 low-income, 13 lower middle-income, 9 upper middle-income, and 6 high-income countries. Data on past 7-day fast food consumption and 12-month suicide attempts were collected. The association between fast food consumption and suicide attempts was investigated with multivariable logistic regression and meta-analysis while adjusting for sex, age, food insecurity (proxy of socioeconomic status), alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity, obesity, carbonated soft drink consumption, and fruit and vegetable consumption. <br><br>RESULTS: Overall, the prevalence of fast food consumption was high (53.5%) and the proportion of suicide attempts was higher among consumers of fast food compared to non-consumers (11.8% vs. 8.3%). Of the 32 countries included in the study, a positive association between fast food consumption and suicide attempts was found in 26 countries although this was not statistically significant in all countries. The pooled OR (95% CI) based on a meta-analysis was 1.31 (1.17-1.46). LIMITATIONS: Since this was a cross-sectional study, it is not possible to draw any conclusions about causality or temporality in the associations assessed. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Fast food consumption is positively associated with suicide attempts in adolescents. Further research of longitudinal design is needed to confirm/refute our findings and explore the potential underlying mechanisms.<br><br>Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0165-0327",
doi="10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.130",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.130"
}