@article{ref1,
title="Pilot sleep in long-range and ultra-long-range commercial flights",
journal="Aerospace medicine and human performance",
year="2019",
author="Lamp, Amanda and McCullough, David and Chen, Jane M. C. and Brown, Rachelle E. and Belenky, Gregory",
volume="90",
number="2",
pages="109-115",
abstract="<b>INTRODUCTION:</b> Despite the clear need for understanding how pilot sleep affects performance during long-range (LR; 12-16h) and ultra-long-range (ULR; 16+h) flights, the scientific literature on the effects of sleep loss and circadian desynchronization on pilots' sleep in commercial aviation is sparse.<b>METHODS:</b> We assessed pilots' sleep timing, duration, and post-trip recovery on two LR and two ULR nonstop California to Australasia routes. Pilot's sleep/wake history was measured with actigraphy and verified by logbook across 8-9 d.<b>RESULTS:</b> Pilots averaged 8.210 ± 1.687 SD hours of sleep per 24 h across the study period. A logistic model of the circadian timing of sleep indicated that time of day and phase of trip are significant predictors of pilots being asleep. Significant two- and three-way interactions were found between time of day, phase of trip, and route. A significant difference in average sleep time was observed between baseline and recovery day 1 for one route. All other recovery days and routes were not significantly different from baseline.<b>DISCUSSION:</b> For the four routes, the average amount of sleep per 24-h period during the study period was within the normal range with the circadian rhythm aligned to home-base time pre- and post-trip. Flight segments and layover conditions were associated with a misalignment of sleep relative to circadian rhythm, with layover sleep appearing to shift toward the local night. Full post-trip sleep duration recovery appears to occur for all routes within 1-2 d.<b>Lamp A, McCullough D, Chen JMC, Brown RE, Belenky G. <i>Pilot sleep in long-range and ultra-long-range commercial flights</i>. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(2):109-115.</b><p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2375-6314",
doi="10.3357/AMHP.5117.2019",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/AMHP.5117.2019"
}