@article{ref1,
title="Electronic nicotine delivery system use is related to higher odds of alcohol and marijuana use in adolescents: meta-analytic evidence",
journal="Addictive behaviors",
year="2020",
author="Hershberger, Alexandra and Argyriou, Eva and Cyders, Melissa",
volume="105",
number="",
pages="e106325-e106325",
abstract="Research suggests that electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) use is associated with other substance use in adolescents; however, the magnitude of this association and whether this differs between adolescents and adults is not yet well understood. This meta-analysis aimed to quantify the extent to which ENDS use is associated with alcohol and marijuana use among adolescents and to compare the odds across adolescent samples and a comparison group of adult samples. A comprehensive literature review was conducted examining the relationship between ENDS use and alcohol (adolescent k = 40 from 19 independent studies; adult k = 35 from 12 independent studies) and marijuana (adolescent k = 24 from 14 independent studies; adult k = 6 from 3 independent studies) use. Adolescents who use ENDS had greater odds of reporting co-occurring alcohol use (OR = 4.50, p < .001), particularly binge drinking (OR = 4.51), and marijuana use (OR = 6.04, p < .001) than adolescent who did not use ENDS. Adults who use ENDS were also more likely to use alcohol (OR = 1.57, p < .001) and marijuana (OR = 2.04, p < .001) than those who did not use ENDS. ENDS use was associated with significantly greater odds of alcohol use (log odds ratio; LOR = 0.96 (OR = 2.61), p < .001) and a trend of greater marijuana use (LOR = 0.93 (OR = 2.53), p = 0.08) in adolescents than in adults. Effects were large in adolescents and small in adults. <br><br>FINDINGS suggest that ENDS use should be assessed in adolescents in both research and clinical settings. Importantly, ENDS use is strongly associated with co-occurring alcohol or marijuana use in adolescents.<br><br>Published by Elsevier Ltd.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0306-4603",
doi="10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106325",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106325"
}