@article{ref1,
title="Associations between doing planned exercise and probable major depressive disorder in individuals following spinal cord injury",
journal="Topics in spinal cord injury rehabilitation",
year="2020",
author="VanDerwerker, Catherine Jefferson and Cao, Yue and Gregory, Chris M. and Krause, James S.",
volume="26",
number="1",
pages="11-20",
abstract="<b>Background:</b> In neurologically healthy individuals, exercise positively impacts depressive symptoms, but there is limited knowledge regarding the association between exercise behaviors and depression after spinal cord injury (SCI). <b>Objective:</b> To examine associations between doing planned exercise and probable major depressive disorder (PMDD) after SCI. <b>Methods:</b> Community-dwelling adults, who were one or more years post traumatic SCI, completed self-report assessments at baseline (Time 1) and an average of 3.29 years later (Time 2). Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to assess depressive symptoms. Participants self-reported frequency of doing planned exercise. There were 1,790 participants who responded at both Time 1 and 2. Associations were analyzed using logistic regression. <b>Results:</b> Prevalence of PMDD was 10% at Time 1 and 12% at Time 2. Only 34% of participants at Time 1 and 29% at Time 2 reported doing planned exercise three or more times per week. The majority of participants (47%) reported no change in frequency of doing planned exercise between Times 1 and 2. Significant risk factors for PMDD at Time 2 included low household income (<i>p</i> =.0085), poor to fair self-perceived health (<i>p</i> <.0001), and doing less planned exercise at Time 2 (<i>p</i> =.0005). Meanwhile, number of years post injury (<i>p</i> =.04), doing planned exercise three or more times per week at Time 1 (<i>p</i> =.0042), and doing more planned exercise at Time 2 (<i>p</i> =.0005) were associated with decreased odds of PMDD at Time 2. <b>Conclusion:</b> These results demonstrate that a negative association exists between doing planned exercise and PMDD post SCI. Future longitudinal studies are needed to further explain these findings.<br><br>© 2020 Thomas Land Publishers, Inc.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1082-0744",
doi="10.1310/sci2601-11",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1310/sci2601-11"
}