@article{ref1,
title="Subclinical self-harm: Range of behaviors, extent, and associated characteristics",
journal="American journal of orthopsychiatry",
year="2007",
author="Croyle, Kristin L. and Waltz, J.",
volume="77",
number="2",
pages="332-342",
abstract="This study examined characteristics associated with mildly injurious (fingernail biting, skin picking, etc.) and more injurious (cutting, burning, etc.) self-harm (SH) in an undergraduate sample (N = 280); 31% reported mildly injurious SH within the past 3 years with no more injurious SH, whereas 20% reported more injurious SH within the past 3 years. SH was not associated with significant general negative affect or history of physical or sexual abuse, although more injurious SH was associated with a history of emotional abuse. A portion of both groups reported negative affect regarding their histories of SH. Both types of SH were associated with other impulsive and disordered eating behaviors, some obsessive-compulsive characteristics, and more somatic symptoms. Similarities and differences with clinical SH are discussed, as well as implications for further research and treatment. Arguments for and against a continuum view of self-harm, as ranging from mild to severe in injuriousness or clinical significance, are also discussed.   <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0002-9432",
doi="10.1037/0002-9432.77.2.332",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.77.2.332"
}