@article{ref1,
title="A self-adaptive energy absorber for improved pedestrian safety and low-speed damage requirements",
journal="International journal of crashworthiness",
year="2020",
author="Wu, James and Altenhof, William and Bhattacharjee, Sudip and Sundararajan, Srinivasan and Magliaro, John",
volume="25",
number="1",
pages="74-94",
abstract="Bumper performance under low-speed impacts and pedestrian-to-vehicle impacts are regulated in the United States by Regulation Part 581 and ECE 127/GTR 9, respectively. These regulations possess a contradictory set of requirements. An ideal bumper structure should be stiff for the former scenario while exhibiting a softer response for the latter. Several energyabsorbing structures capable of passively adapting their mechanical responses were investigated using finite element modelling with complementary validation tests. The preferred structure consisted of a rectangular array of trapezoidal cells which buckle under single-cell impacts while resisting lateral deformation and increasing the structural stiffness under large-area impacts. A geometric study of this dissipater demonstrated the potential to increase total energy absorption by 37.3% by adding crossbars between adjacent cells. Additionally, a parametric study identified the upper cell angle and the ratio between wall thicknesses as critical parameters to consider when tailoring the mechanical response.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1358-8265",
doi="10.1080/13588265.2018.1524546",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13588265.2018.1524546"
}