@article{ref1,
title="Sex, race, ADHD, and prior concussions as predictors of concussion recovery in adolescents",
journal="Brain injury",
year="2020",
author="Aggarwal, Seema S. and Ott, Summer D. and Padhye, Nikhil S. and Schulz, Paul E.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="<b>Objective</b>: Concussions in adolescents are a growing public health concern as the popularity of high school sports increases. The aim of this study was to identify clinical (e.g., prior concussion, migraine history, learning disabilities/attention deficit hyperactivity disorders [ADHD]) and demographic factors (e.g., sex, race, health insurance, mechanism of injury/sport, education) that predict concussion recovery times.<b>Design</b>: In a retrospective cohort study of adolescents 13-19 years old evaluated for an acute concussion (≤ 10 days from injury), recovery times were calculated from the date of concussive injury to the date of clearance to return to play or normal activities.<b>Results</b>: The sample (N = 227) was primarily male (75%), and the median age was 15 years. Predictors of protracted recovery were ADHD (hazard ratio [HR] =.449, 95% confidence interval [CI] =.272-.741, <i>p</i> = .002) and prior concussion (HR =.574, 95% CI =.397-.828, <i>p</i> = .003) in all sex and race groups, while shorter recovery times were predicted by Hispanic and African American race (HR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.30-3.46, <i>p</i> = .003), with White females as the reference group.<b>Conclusions</b>: Further research is needed to examine the role of sex, race, ADHD, and concussion history on concussion outcomes.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0269-9052",
doi="10.1080/02699052.2020.1740942",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2020.1740942"
}