@article{ref1,
title="Large-scale cultivation of Gymnodinium catenatum for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin standards",
journal="Food Saf (Tokyo)",
year="2018",
author="Oikawa, Hiroshi and Watanabe, Ryuichi and Matsushima, Ryoji and Suzuki, Toshiyuki",
volume="6",
number="2",
pages="83-87",
abstract="An adequate supply of standard reference material for paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) is critical for the accurate chemical quantification using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescent detection, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), biological analysis of these toxins using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunochromatography. Large batch cultivation for the chain forming species <i>G. catenatum</i>, producers of PSTs of <i>N-sulfocarbamoyl-11-hydroxysulfate</i> toxins (C1 and C2), gonyautoxin 5 (GTX5) and gonyautoxin 6 (GTX6), was investigated using 10 L round-bottom flasks with aeration for the production of GTX5 and GTX6. Aeration rates of 200 mL/min and 500 mL/min were compared, demonstrating that the 500 mL/min aeration rate was adequate to eliminate aggregation of cells. The highest cell density of <i>G. catenatum</i> in 500 mL/min aeration treatment was 9,878 ± 2,617 cells/ml on day 28. Total toxin yield during 10 L cultivation with 500 mL/min aeration was calculated at 30.9 ± 3.6 µmol on day 25, with GTX5 and GTX6 calculated at 3.9 ± 0.7 µmol and 11.4 ± 1.4 µmol, respectively. This simple aeration method will contribute to the more efficient production of PST reference materials.<br><br>©2018 Food Safety Commission, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2187-8404",
doi="10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2017027",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2017027"
}