@article{ref1,
title="Demographic, clinical features, and outcomes of pediatric non-penetrating ocular foreign bodies",
journal="Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology",
year="2020",
author="Smadar, Lital and Dotan, Gad and Abumanhal, Muhammad and Achiron, Asaf and Spierer, Oriel",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="PURPOSE: Data regarding ocular foreign body (FB) in the pediatric population is sparse. The purpose of this study is to describe the demographic features and the outcomes of pediatric non-penetrating ocular FB. <br><br>METHODS: The charts of all children with non-penetrating ocular FB who presented at a tertiary medical center between 2011 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Data analyzed included demographics, ocular FB site, the need for general anesthesia, or sedation for FB removal and clinical outcomes. <br><br>RESULTS: Three hundred and fifty-two children (58.8% boys) with a mean age of 7.7 ± 3.7 years were included. Two hundred and fifty-one (71.3%) children presented on the same day of injury. Patients with developmental delay presented more often with restlessness than patients without developmental delay (p < 0.0001). One hundred and forty-six (41.5%) of FBs were found on the conjunctiva, 128 (36.4%) under the eyelid, and 62 (17.6%) on the cornea. In 19 (4.5%) cases, general anesthesia or sedation was required for FB removal. A multivariate analysis identified young age (OR 0.976, 95% CI 0.961-0.992, p = 0.003), corneal FB (OR 50.84, 95% CI 10.08-256.37, p < 0.0001), and developmental delay (OR 18.56, 95% CI 1.22-283.45, p = 0.036), as significant predictors for the need of general anesthesia or sedation. Among patients with corneal FB, in two (3.2%) cases, the corneal FB was complicated by infectious keratitis, resulting in mild corneal scar. <br><br>CONCLUSION: The rate of general anesthesia for non-penetrating ocular FB removal in children is low. Children presenting with non-penetrating ocular FB have good prognosis without long-term complications.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0721-832X",
doi="10.1007/s00417-020-04688-7",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00417-020-04688-7"
}