@article{ref1,
title="The prevalence of self-injurious behaviour in autism: a meta-analytic study",
journal="Journal of autism and developmental disorders",
year="2020",
author="Steenfeldt-Kristensen, Catherine and Jones, Chris A. and Richards, Caroline",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="Self-injurious behaviour is purportedly common in autism, but prevalence rates have not yet been synthesised meta-analytically. In the present study, data from 14,379 participants in thirty-seven papers were analysed to generate a pooled prevalence estimate of self-injury in autism of 42% (confidence intervals 0.38-0.47). Hand-hitting topography was the most common form of self-injury (23%), self-cutting topography the least common (3%). Sub-group analyses revealed no association between study quality, participant intellectual disability or age and overall prevalence rate of self-injury. However, females obtained higher prevalence rates than males (p = .013) and hair pulling and self-scratching were associated with intellectual disability (p = .008 and p = .002, respectively). The results confirm very high rates of self-injury in autism and highlight within group risk-markers.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0162-3257",
doi="10.1007/s10803-020-04443-1",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04443-1"
}