@article{ref1,
title="Structuring the invisible war: base and community influences on military sexual assault occurrence",
journal="American journal of preventive medicine",
year="2020",
author="Powers, Ráchael A. and Moule, Richard K. and Dodge, Cassandra E. and Boggess, Lyndsay N.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: This study examined the relationship between military sexual assault and structural factors including base (e.g., base density) and community (e.g., economic deprivation) characteristics. <br><br>METHODS: Data on military sexual assault against men and women for fiscal years 2013-2016 were drawn from Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Office's 2017 report, &quot;Sexual Assault Received at Military Installations and Combat Areas of Interest.&quot; Base information was pulled from fiscal years 2012 and 2013 Department of Defense's Base Structure Reports. Community-level information was drawn from 5-year American Community Survey estimates (2008-2012). Analyses were conducted in 2019. Negative binomial models were used to examine predictors of military sexual assault. <br><br>RESULTS: Compared with civilian personnel, higher concentrations of military personnel on bases increased military sexual assault (incident rate ratio=1.01, p=0.025). Compared with Air Force-controlled installations, Navy and Marine bases were associated with higher military sexual assault prevalence (incident rate ratio=2.22, p<0.001; incident rate ratio=2.38, p<0.001, respectively). Community economic disadvantage was inversely related to military sexual assault (incident rate ratio=0.69, p=0.001), whereas residential mobility (incident rate ratio=1.07, p=0.002), percentage of racial/ethnic minorities (incident rate ratio=1.02, p=0.024 black; incident rate ratio=1.03, p<0.001 Hispanic), and percentage of residents who are veterans (incident rate ratio=1.13, p<0.001) were positively related to military sexual assault. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Military sexual assault prevalence is associated with the structural characteristics of military installations and characteristics of the communities in which these installations are located. <br><br>FINDINGS suggest that further research on structural predictors of military sexual assault is needed and prevention programs and services may benefit from more community engagement.<br><br>Copyright © 2020 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0749-3797",
doi="10.1016/j.amepre.2020.03.003",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.03.003"
}